The Investment in Collective Investment Scheme
In part two of the Investment Education Series, we discussed the needs and merits of investing as well as the benefits of investment diversification. The article concluded that an investment fund, or Collective Investment Scheme fund offers the best option for individuals to invest and grow their wealth steadily over time. A fund also helps to lower investment risk through diversification, all while keeping investing affordable to the public.

In this article, we will share the real case study of the first Investment fund that was approved by the Securities and Exchange Regulator of Cambodia (SERC) on 15 November 2023, the BAMC Asia Equity Fund (BAEF). BAEF is managed by Banjaran Asset Management (Cambodia) PLC (BAMC), a SERC-licensed asset management company based in Cambodia. The fund lawyer is HBS Law and the fund auditor is Crowe (KH) Co., Ltd, both of which got the accreditation from the SERC. The fund trustee is Stronghold Trustee Co., Ltd which is also a SERC-licensed CIS trustee. In summary, in the ecosystem of the CIS, all players shall get a license, approval, or accreditation from the SERC.

About BAMC Asia Equity Fund
BAEF is a fund investing in a diversified portfolio of 30 or more companies listed on major stock exchanges across Asia Pacific Ex-Japan. The fund targets to provide the benefits of investing in Asia, which economists globally see as the premier growth region in the coming years. The fund’s tagline is “The Rise of Asia”. According to the disclosure documents, BAEF targets a return of 7% to 10% per annum over the medium to long term, yet this return is not guaranteed. The investment in fund is considered as a form of a regular savings plan. The invested amount can eventually be used for children's education, healthcare, to part fund the purchase of a house, or for retirement. To invest in the fund, the investor shall obtain an investor ID from the SERC first. However, for those who already have the investor ID, they do not need to re-apply for the investor ID.

Below is a term sheet for the BAEF fund:

Key Consideration Before Making Investment Decision
Generally, fund managers make investments using basic approaches like the top-down approach and bottom-up approach. A top-down approach is when the fund manager looks at macro factors such as, economic cycles, inflation, interest rates, global trends, etc. The bottom-up approach is when the fund manager looks at the features of the individual securities that they invest in such as, the balance sheet, profit and loss statement, management, products, and services, etc. The BAEF adopts both approaches in making their investments.

Bottom-up Approach: Sustainable Growth in the Long-term
The fund manager will select companies that have proven sustainable business models and have proven track records. The fund manager will look at audited financial statements, valuation, and quality of management amongst other things.

Top-down Approach: Why Invest in Asia?

1. Stable Productive Population in the coming 10 to 20 years
   Asia has a large population base and a favorable demographics. It has a large segment of the younger population which will translate to a stable productive workforce over the next 10 to 20 years. This will result in higher income and higher consumption. These factors will help to drive the region’s economy and its businesses to grow. Relative to poor demographics from regions like the US and Europe, Asia is preferred.
2. Strong Economic Growth
   In terms of economic growth, Asia is also growing faster and is bigger than the EU and North America. According to an IMF report dated Oct 2023, real GDP growth in 2023 is highest in Asia Pacific at 4.4% vs EU at 1% and North America at 2.1%. As % a share of the total world’s GDP, Asia Pacific share is 45.6%, the EU at 21.0% and North America at 18.7%.
3. Benefits from the World’s Largest Free-Trade Agreement and Pro-Business Governments Asia’s economic growth will be further enhanced after 15 Asian countries recently signed a free-trade agreement known as the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), which will be the
   world’s largest free-trading bloc. The free-trade agreement should enhance trading activities and thus further drive GDP growth as a result. In its forecast, IMF projected Asia to remain as the strongest GDP growth region in 2028 at 3.9% vs EU at 1.6% and North America at 2.1%. 
   Investment Education Series related to Collective Investment Scheme (Part Three)
4. Asian Companies are Recognizable Globally
   Asia now has many homegrown listed companies which are recognizable globally. These companies are well-managed and have strong financials. They include companies like Singapore Airlines, Alibaba, Tencent, Samsung Electronics, TSMC, Grab, BYD and many others.
5. Asia Markets Remain Cheap
   Despite Asia’s bigger population base and stronger economic growth, Asian stocks trade at much lower levels as compared to EU and US stocks based on valuation ratios like price-to-earnings, price-to-book value, and price-to-sales. These ratios are financial metrics that measure and analyze stock prices in unit terms and compare them with those of peers or competitors. The lower the financial ratio, typically the more attractive is the stock market or a particular stock.
   
   Furthermore, Asia ex-Japan accounts for 58% of the world’s population, and 48% of the world's economy, yet it accounts for only 12.42% of the investments made in the stock markets globally. BAMC views that the under-representation of Asian stock investments will have to be adjusted upwards eventually.

Is it the Right Time to Invest Now?
There is no right or wrong time to invest in the stock markets. Investing is a disciplined approach to set aside the savings and put them regularly into investments like an investment fund. Past market cycles show that each time markets fall, they will rebound. And when they rebound, they will set a new market high. In other words, stock markets tend to rise over the long term though in between, they may correct according to economic
cycle or on non-economic-related events like war, pandemic, etc.

In the current situation, stock markets in general have fallen since the beginning of 2022 on the back of several key events like the Russian-Ukraine war and the sharp increase in US interest rate. Is this an opportune time to invest? BAMC has analyzed the past market cycles and noted that after each significant event that had caused stocks to fall, they had rebounded sharply after riding out that event:

1. Asian Financial Crisis in 1997 – the collapse of Asian currencies led by the Thai Baht and which spread to other Asian currencies, caused Asian markets to tumble. But they rebounded some 155% from the low
   in 1997 until 2000.
2. Dot.com Bust 2000 and September 2001 – global markets fell when the US dot.com bubble went bust in 2000, and it was further made worse by the September 2001 bombing of the Twin Towers in the US. A couple of years later in 2003, Asian markets started to recover and moved higher. It rebounded some 360% since 2003.
3. Global Financial Crisis in 2007 – the collapse of US banks Bear Stearns and Lehman Brothers in 2007 caused global markets to take a sharp tumble. The fall was rather short-lived and within less than two years, global markets recovered sharply by 236%.
4. COVID-19 in 2020 – again global markets took a nosedive when the pandemic started. However decisive action by global central banks to provide funding to businesses affected by the pandemic caused the markets to again rebound very quickly. The markets fell but rebounded within a short span of six months by some 90%.
5. Russia-Ukraine war and spike in inflation and interest rate hike in 2022 – markets have since fallen. Is it time to buy?

An article from the Securities & Exchange Regulator of Cambodia (SERC)