
随着 2023 年接近尾声,全球股市整体保持稳定,投资者依旧偏向配置于发达市场。尽管亚太市场亦录得正回报,但在经济数据明显改善的情况下,其表现仍落后于其他地区。这一差异可能源于年底常见的市场因素,例如“税损收割”以及机构投资组合的再平衡与“粉饰门面”等操作。历史经验显示,此类短期波动通常会延续至翌年 1 月,因为基金经理须为年终报告调整仓位。
在发达市场方面,自美联储连续两次会议维持利率不变后,市场情绪显著改善,投资者普遍认为加息周期可能已经结束,从而推动股市上扬。同时,关于美国经济衰退的担忧有所减弱,许多经济学家将预期调整为“软着陆”——经济活动温和放缓,但不出现严重衰退。然而,美国通胀水平仍显著高于美联储 2% 的目标,意味着利率可能在较长时间内维持高位。尽管经济前景仍存在不确定性,特别是在房地产通胀降温的背景下,我们认为虽然衰退风险依旧偏高,但不太可能演变为系统性危机。
中美关系改善为全球情绪带来支撑
在地缘政治方面,中国近期对美国的外交举措带来了积极信号。继上月中国国家主席习近平访美之后,双方均表达了推动和平合作的意愿。中美军事沟通在数月中断后得以恢复,显示中国希望改善与美国的政治关系。
此外,习近平主席与美国顶级企业领袖的会面亦凸显了跨国企业对继续深耕中国市场的信心。例如,万事达卡与中国国家交易处理机构“网联清算”成立合资企业,让万事达卡持卡人可在中国实现无缝支付,显示两国在金融与商业合作方面仍具长期潜力。
尽管上述进展令人鼓舞,但长期降低地缘政治风险仍需美国方面采取更多对等举措。随着 2024 年美国总统大选临近,“中国议题”预计将成为美国政治辩论的核心,双方政党可能都会将中国描述为主要国家安全威胁,以巩固选民基础。在此背景下,中美关系紧张可能持续,而地缘政治风险也预计将在 2024 年呈偏高状态。
全球供应链重组趋势强化经济分化
除美国外,台湾等地区的重要选举亦将对地缘政治布局产生深远影响。随着全球安全风险上升,我们预计企业将逐步调整供应链布局,使资本和业务向被视为更安全、更具政治稳定性的国家转移。经济分化趋势的深化将更有利于那些能够在制造业回流或供应链重塑中保持市场份额与运营效率的企业。
中国:政策持续加码,经济企稳迹象增强
在中国方面,中央经济工作会议为 2024 年确立了明确的稳增长政策框架。政策制定者正通过货币、财政及行政多管齐下的方式进一步提振信心与经济动能。这些政策力度近期持续加强,我们预计未来几个月将有更多措施出台,特别是针对房地产行业风险的支持政策。
亚洲成为全球增长亮点
综合来看,我们继续将亚洲——尤其是中国——视为全球经济增长的主要亮点。较低的利率环境叠加流动性改善,将有助于缓解企业与家庭的财务压力,降低债务负担。在全球经济仍受地缘政治紧张与通胀压力影响的背景下,亚洲展现出更强的韧性,具备推动短期全球增长的良好条件,因而成为投资者布局新兴市场的重要关注点。
总结
总体而言, 尽管全球经济仍存在高度不确定性,但亚洲在积极的政策支持与改善的经济数据推动下,展现出强劲的增长潜力,构成极具吸引力的投资机会。尽管地缘政治风险仍需密切关注,我们相信亚洲将在全球经济格局中继续发挥关键作用。
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