
全球股市持续刷新高点,主要由半导体板块的强劲表现所推动。这种高度集中的上涨趋势显示投资者正将重注押在少数行业上,某种程度上反映出市场对整体经济前景仍存谨慎。尽管半导体板块的增长令人瞩目,但这种单一板块驱动的行情也更易受到市场情绪变化的冲击,因此投资者仍需保持警惕。
在宏观层面,美国联邦储备局 (“美联储”) 保持谨慎态度,暂未释放明确的降息信号。受强劲就业数据和持续高企的通胀推动,美联储表示需要观察更多数据再做决策。尽管企业与消费者表现相对稳健,让许多分析师延后了对经济衰退的预测,但劳动力市场已出现放缓迹象,美国失业率自2023年低点的3.4%逐步上升至4%。这可能是更广泛经济疲软的前兆,与我们认为美联储今年仍可能进行一次降息的观点相一致。
相较之下,中国股市在年初政策提振带动的上涨后出现回调,主要因投资者获利了结。市场目前处于观望状态,等待房地产行业相关政策的进一步明朗。我们维持既有观点:中国的房地产挑战不太可能演变为系统性风险。中国政府已清晰表明其稳楼市的决心,并预计将视情况推出更具针对性的支持措施。
在科技领域,我们对人工智能推动长期生产力提升保持乐观。例如,近期一项研究显示,使用微软 GitHub CoPilot —— 一款人工智能驱动的编码助手 —— 的软件开发人员,任务完成速度比未使用者快 高达 56%。这一显著效率提升凸显了人工智能(AI) 对职场的深远变革潜力。
市场对人工智能的预期仍然极高,超级计算中心(hyperscalers) 的投资预计到 2030 年前将以每年至少 20% 的速度增长。尽管客服、邮件摘要、图像生成等人工智能应用能带来即时节省成本的效果,但我们认为下一轮重大经济跃进将来自向通用人工智能(“AGI”)的演进。
目前的生成式人工智能模型虽然进展迅速,但仍受限于无法有效处理训练数据之外的任务。而 AGI 的发展将有望突破这一限制,使人工智能(AI) 能够以更高准确性和多样性执行更广泛的任务。此外,人工智能在消费端应用仍有限,因为手机硬件的运算能力不足以高效处理大量人工智能 (AI) 任务。但随着人工智能基础设施投资不断加码,技术正快速演进,我们将持续关注企业如何突破创新边界并推动人工智能商业化的投资机会。
综上所述,尽管半导体股主导了 2024 年股市涨势,但由于上涨集中度高,我们认为应保持一定谨慎。美联储在劳动力市场走弱背景下推迟降息,也让市场前景更具复杂性。与此同时,中国房地产行业的政策促进仍在进行,而人工智能的长期潜力令人期待,但其全面变革作用仍需时间。面对这些动态变化的市场格局,我们将继续在不同板块与区域中,谨慎而有选择性地寻找投资机会。
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